Systems: Society

As living systems emerged on the planet, the ability of the organisms to form social systems and develop in communities emerged. The following systems form part of the Society as a network of social systems. These types of living social systems work for all types of organisms (cells, ants, bees, humans) within one or more ecosystems.

Systems in the Society Layer, Embedded Economy Model, from Doughnut Economics, Kate Raworth, 2017

The Society layer in the embedded economy model includes additional systems to form a Society as a System. These additional systems integrate the top level classification of systems proposed by Peter Checkland.

System Classification based upon Peter Checkland's Model

These additional systems are the following:

Link to the Top System Classifications PDF